Víðarr is described as the son of Odin and the jötunn Gríðr, and is foretold to avenge his father's death by killing the wolf Fenrir at Ragnarök, a conflict which he is described as surviving. 3 He is a God who repays exactly what is deserved. Frajda was Moszek's second wife; his first wife Rude Shmit died in 1873, leaving him with either six or seven children (the exact number is unknown). Even the greatest anti-Semite could not have written such a thing". [15] The bulk of his library, containing rare Yiddish books and manuscripts, as well as the manuscripts of some of his own works, is held at Yale University. I found the following to be an excellent article on vengeance. Víðarr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and is interpreted as depicted with Fenrir on the Gosforth Cross. Some of his most frequent recurring themes were: man's faith, goodness, and generosity. Loki toasts the Æsir before beginning his flyting.[5]. [19] Dumézil stated that he was aligned with both vertical space, due to his placement of his foot on the wolf's lower jaw and his hand on the wolf's upper jaw, and horizontal space, due to his wide step and strong shoe, and that, by killing the wolf, Víðarr keeps the wolf from destroying the cosmos, and the cosmos can thereafter be restored after the destruction resulting from Ragnarök.[19]. Víðarr follows his orders. In Norse mythology, Víðarr (Old Norse, possibly "wide ruler",[1] sometimes anglicized as Vidar /ˈviːdɑːr/, Vithar, Vidarr, and Vitharr) is a god among the Æsir associated with vengeance. - O Lord God, to whom vengeance belongeth (comp. Víðarr's "thick shoe" is described as consisting of all the extra leather pieces that people have cut from their own shoes at the toe and heel, collected by the god throughout all time. Versions of gods [11] It opened on Broadway at the Cort Theater in April 2017, directed by Rebecca Taichman.[12][13]. Lieberman's book, and the McCarthy Hearings, led Asch and his wife to leave the US in 1953, whereafter they split their time between London (where their daughter lived), continental Europe, and Israel. Ever the traveller, Asch took many trips to the Soviet Union, Palestine and the United States. This was inspired by his family, as his brothers dealt with peasants and butchers and fit in with the hardy outdoor Jews of Kutno, which Asch had much pride in. [17] Parallels have been drawn between chapter 31 of Tacitus' 1st century CE work Germania where Tacitus describes that members of the Chatti, a Germanic tribe, may not shave or groom before having first slain an enemy. [2], One of Asch's major goals in his writing was to articulate Jewish life, past and present. His great-grandson, David Mazower, is a writer and a BBC Journalist. In Bellevue, he wrote his 1929–31 trilogy Farn Mabul. About Wikipedia; Disclaimers; Search. and Time Stands Still. IgnitorRoad of Bones℗ 2007 Cruz Del Sur MusicReleased on: 2007-09-12Auto-generated by YouTube. Mills, Robert (2004). There, he spent most of his childhood studying the Talmud, and would later study the Bible and the Haggadah on his own time. He placed the Jew at the center of his every work, along with an awareness of the Jewish relationship with the outside world. [5] I. L. Peretz famously said of the play after reading it: "Burn it, Asch, burn it!" Vidar ("wide ruler") (Vidarr) is the Son of Odin and the god of silence and vengeance. His long-standing employer, New York Yiddish newspaper Forverts, not only dropped him as a writer but also openly attacked him for promoting Christianity. In: Pluskowski, Aleks. Indecent, the 2015 play written by Paula Vogel, tells of those events and the impact of God of Vengeance. Deuteronomy 32:35, "To me belongeth vengeance and recompence;" and Jeremiah 51:56, where God is called "the Lord God of reeompences," as he is here - literally - "the Lord God of vengeances"). He summed up his father's faith as "love of God and love of neighbor". Asch grew up in a majority Jewish town, so he grew up believing Jews were the majority in the rest of the world as well. Powerful dramas are like good jazz tunes - they invite creative riffs and artistic tributes. Due to his controversies, his funeral in London was small. of Ἐρινύς, Erinys), also known as the Furies, were female chthonic deities of vengeance in ancient Greek religion and mythology.A formulaic oath in the Iliad invokes them as "the Erinyes, that under earth take vengeance on men, whosoever hath sworn a false oath". Víðarr is referenced in the Prose Edda books Gylfaginning and Skáldskaparmál. His number is 6, and his function is to take vengeance on the world of the luminaries who have transgressed God's laws. [7] In 1922, it was staged in New York City at the Provincetown Theatre in Greenwich Village, and moved to the Apollo Theatre on Broadway on February 19, 1923, with a cast that included the acclaimed Jewish immigrant actor Rudolph Schildkraut. The plot of the book takes place in Norway in the year 785. [14], The mid-11th century Gosforth Cross, located in Cumbria, England, has been described as depicting a combination of scenes from the Christian Judgement Day and the pagan Ragnarök. The audience mostly came for Kessler, and they booed the rest of the cast. He was known to be a very charitable man who would dispense money to the poor. Abode: -Animals: -Colours: - Dumézil argues that this play on Víðarr's spatiality would have been understood by an audience familiar with the god, an interpretation further warranted by his reading of the Lokasenna as being in significant part a book of puns and word plays about the different Aesir. He had to sneak through a majority gentile area to get to a lake where he loved to swim, where he was once cornered by boys wielding sticks and dogs, who demanded he admit to killing "Christ"–which Asch did not, at the time, know to be a name for Jesus–or they would rip his coat. The God of Vengeance (Original, Play, Drama, Broadway) opened in New York City Dec 20, 1922 and played through Apr 14, 1923. They occur commonly in polytheistic religions. In 1935, he visited America at the Joint Committee's request to raise funds for Jewish relief in Europe.[1]. In the Poetic Edda, Víðarr is mentioned in the poems Völuspá, Vafthrúdnismál, Grímnismál, and Lokasenna. In stanzas 54 and 55 of the poem Völuspá, a völva tells Odin that his son Víðarr will avenge Odin's death at Ragnarök by stabbing Fenrir in the heart: In stanzas 51 and 53 of Vafthrúdnismál, Vafþrúðnir states that Víðarr and his brother Váli will both live in the "temples of the gods" after Surtr's fire has ceded and that Víðarr will avenge the death of his father Odin by sundering the cold jaws of Fenrir in battle: In stanza 17 of Grímnismál, during Odin's visions of various dwelling places of the gods, he describes Víðarr's (here anglicized as "Vidar") residence: According to Lokasenna, Loki rebukes the gods at the start of the poem for not properly welcoming him to the feast at Ægir's hall. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Víðarr (Old Norse: "the wide ruling one") is the god of vengeance in Norse mythology. The table is ordered by the Greek god's name. Vidar - Son of Odin and the god of silence and vengeance. The gods were patient with the giantess, and convinced Skaði to ultimately accept a form of compensation instead of seeking vengeance. "Apocalyptic Monsters: Animal Inspirations for the Iconography of Medieval Northern Devourers" as collected in: Bildhauer, Bettina. At that time life was worth less than a speck of dust, death lurked at every turn like a thief. The Yiddish literary circle hoped he would stay in Poland, because I. L. Peretz's death in 1915 had left them devoid of a head figure. Get news, photos & more. [1] After a protracted battle, the conviction was successfully appealed. The destruction of Jerusalem was an act of God's vengeance and judgment, not Rome's; these would be the days when people were punished for their sins. [9] At a point in dialogue between the skaldic god Bragi and Ægir, Snorri himself begins speaking of the myths in euhemeristic terms and states that the historical equivalent of Víðarr was the Trojan hero Aeneas who survived the Trojan War and went on to achieve "great deeds". In stanza 10, Odin finally relents to the rules of hospitality, urging Víðarr to stand and pour a drink for the quarrelsome guest. This list may not reflect recent changes . He subsequently started writing for a communist paper, Morgen frayhayt, leading to repeated questioning by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. The New York production sparked a major press war between local Yiddish papers, led by the Orthodox Tageplatt and even the secular Forverts. XXIII, Raguel is one of the seven angels whose role is to watch. He offended Jewish sensibilities with his 1939–1949 trilogy, The Nazarene, The Apostle, and Mary, which dealt with New Testament subjects. A number of theories surrou… [13] In chapter 75, Víðarr's name appears twice in a list of Æsir. Dumézil substantiates his claim with the text of the Lokasenna, in which Víðarr, trying to mediate the dispute with Loki, urges the other Aesir to "grant Loki his space" at the feasting table. [12] In chapter 33, after returning from Asgard and feasting with the gods, Ægir invites the gods to come to his hall in three months. His older half-brothers, on the other hand, were pious Hasidim. [1] Moszek would spend all week on the road and return home every Friday in time for the Sabbath. In Norse mythology, Víðarr is a god among the Æsir associated with vengeance. He admitted to killing Christ out of fear, but they beat him and tore his coat anyway. [18], Georges Dumézil theorized that Víðarr represents a cosmic figure from an archetype derived from the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The controversial 1923 production of “The God of Vengeance” is the subject of “Indecent,” a new play with music that premiered last week at the Yale Repertory Theater. The table is ordered by the Greek god's name. Asch returned to Poland in 1923, visiting Germany frequently. [6], In chapter 51, High foretells that, during Ragnarök, the wolf Fenrir will devour Odin, Víðarr will avenge him by stepping down with one foot on the lower jaw of the monster, grabbing his upper jaw in one hand and tearing his mouth apart, killing him. [2], Asch reflected on cosmopolitan interests and concern for the people and conditions he encountered. [6] Orthodox papers referred to God of Vengeance as "filthy," "immoral," and "indecent," while radical papers described it as "moral," "artistic," and "beautiful". A member of the Æsir, he is the son of Odin and the giantess Gríðr. VIDEO: Watch TWO All-New Trailers for the IN THE HEIGHTS Movie! New ideas and the Enlightenment were asserting themselves in the Jewish world. The Erinyes (/ ɪ ˈ r ɪ n i ˌ iː z /; sing. In Kutno, Jews and gentiles mostly got along, barring some tension around religious holidays. [7], In chapter 54, following Ragnarök and the rebirth of the world, it is told that Víðarr along with his brother Váli will have survived both the swelling of the sea and the fiery conflagration unleashed by Surtr, completely unharmed, and shall thereafter dwell on the field Iðavöllr, "where the city of Asgard had previously been". Asch's next work, Bayrn Opgrunt (1937, translated as The Precipice), is set in Germany during the hyperinflation of the 1920s. That includes rewards for faithful service and punishment on His enemies. The Bible speaks of God’s vengeance but we know that God’s ways are not our ways. [10], Later in the book, various kennings are given for Víðarr, including again the "silent As", "possessor of the iron shoe", "enemy and slayer of Fenrisulf", "the gods' avenging As", "father's homestead-inhabiting As", "son of Odin", and "brother of the Æsir". Some of the more provocative scenes in the production were changed, but it wasn't enough for the Orthodox papers. The chief witness against the play was Rabbi Joseph Silberman, who declared in an interview with Forverts: "This play libels the Jewish religion. From the beginning there was controversy. During development, the game was titled I Gladiator. [2], Polish-American novelist, dramatist, essayist (1880-1957), As reimagined by Rebecca Taichman and Paula Vogel in, A marked-up typescript translation of a report from Asch is located in "Letter from Acting Manager to Mr. Albert Lucas" (Item ID 221283) in the online JDC Archives at, Learn how and when to remove this template message, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, House Committee on Un-American Activities, https://www.yiddishbookcenter.org/collections/yiddish-books/spb-nybc203692/asch-sholem-der-got-fun-nekome-a-drame-in-dray-akten, Broadway Cast of ‘God Of Vengeance’ Arrested on Obscenity Charges, Defending an ‘Indecent’ play: ‘The God of Vengeance’ in the Yale University Library archives, "A Jewish festival in a town without Jews - BBC News", "Sholem Asch, One Destiny: an Epistle to the Christians | Issue 22", "Sholem Asch's Yiddish drama God of Vengeance (1907)", The controversial Sholem Asch: an introduction to his fiction, Biographical article of Sholem Asch by Encyclopaedia Britannica, A bust of Sholem Asch by Jacob Epstein, from the collection of the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sholem_Asch&oldid=1014017777, 20th-century American dramatists and playwrights, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing Yiddish-language text, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 March 2021, at 18:34. This list may not reflect recent changes (). Other intellectuals criticized the writing itself, claiming that the second act was beautifully written but the first and third acts failed to support it. Dumézil theorizes that these myths of Fenrir vs. Víðarr and Bali vs. Vishnu may have a common origin in an Indo-European god of spatiality, similar but distinct from the hypothetical framing or entry / exit god that spawned Janus and Heimdallr. Psalm 94:1 says, “O LORD, God of vengeance, God of vengeance, shine forth!” In the pursuit of a safe haven from the violence in Europe, he and his family moved to the United States in 1914, moving around New York City for a while before settling in Staten Island. Although many of his works are no longer read today, his best works have proven to be standards of Jewish and Yiddish literature. The album title and liner notes make the feelings of … Raguel's duties have remained the same across Jewish and Christian traditions. My rating 4.7 The book “God of Vengeance (The Rise of Sigurd # 1)” by Giles Kristian is a great novel about Vikings in which we follow the story of Sigurd and his struggle against a superior enemy. He is at present settled in New York, where pages flow in rapid succession from his prolific pen. Gladiator: Sword of Vengeance is a hack and slash video game developed by Acclaim Studios Manchester and published by Acclaim Entertainment for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Microsoft Windows.A GameCube version was cancelled. God Of Vengeance Giles Kristian The Child of Vengeance (Samurai, book 1) David Kirk God of Vengeance (Rise of Sigurd, book 1) Giles Kristian "Unrelenting pace, brilliant action and characters. He was repelled and intrigued by Christian violence, and inspired by Jewish martyrdom and survival. Sholem Asch (Yiddish: שלום אַש, Polish: Szalom Asz; 1 November 1880 – 10 July 1957), also written Shalom Ash, was a Polish-Jewish novelist, dramatist, and essayist in the Yiddish language who settled in the United States. Instead, Asch went to Berlin to pitch it to director Max Reinhardt and actor Rudolf Schildkraut, who produced it at the Deutsches Theater. In 1920, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. A stage reading of GOD OF VENGEANCE, the 1906 play by Polish-Jewish Playwright Sholom Asch about a brothel owner and his attempt to become respectable, which is the subject of Paula Vogel’s recent Broadway and Victory Gardens recent hit play INDECENT. These things we have heard more times than we can count. Language; ... Plague gods (1 C, 15 P) V Vengeance goddesses (1 C, 8 P) Vengeance gods (7 P) Pages in category "Vengeance deities" This category contains only the following page. "Le dieu scandinave Víðarr" collected in, Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs, Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology, Mythological Norse people, items and places, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Víðarr&oldid=979687007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. On his second sojourn in the US, Asch first lived in Stamford, Connecticut, then moved to Miami Beach, where he stayed until the early 1950s. [2], In 1899, he moved to Warsaw where he met I. L. Peretz and other young writers under Peretz's mentorship such as David Pinski, Abraham Reisen, and Hersh David Nomberg. Pages in category "Vengeance gods" The following 7 pages are in this category, out of 7 total. Víðarr is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and is interpreted as depicted with Fenrir on the Gosforth Cross. 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